2024屆高考英語一輪復習語法專題提分考點課件：9 介詞
語法專題
語法提分微點案 考點9 介詞和介詞短語 微視角 大領悟
微學堂 漲分數
微考場 新演練
介詞是英語中最活躍的詞類之一，使用頻率非常高。介詞往往與名詞、代詞或相當于名詞的其他詞類、短語、從句等一起構成介詞短語，以表示它與其他詞在時間、方式、方向、位置等方面的關系。搭配比較活躍的介詞主要有in, out, up, down, on, off, to, from, for, over, with等。在語法填空題中重點考查考生根據語境靈活運用介詞的能力。考生應注意總結介詞與名詞、形容詞、副詞、動詞等搭配構成的短語的意思和用法。
微視角 大領悟
練知考情 會方法技巧 1．(2024·新課標卷Ⅱ)When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day; ________ the same time, they warm up again for the night. 解析：句意：當新的一天到來時，這些墻已經釋放完了它們的熱量，現在足夠冷，能讓房子在炎熱的白天保持涼爽；與此同時，它們在晚上又會變得溫暖。根據句意可知此處考查固定搭配at the same time，意為“與此同時”。 2．(2024·遼寧卷)Don't laugh ________ me. I may look funny. 解析：句意：不要嘲笑我。我可能看上去很滑稽。laugh at“嘲笑”，是固定搭配。 at
at
3．(2024·新課標卷Ⅰ)I got a place next ________ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. 解析：句意：我找了個靠窗的位置，那樣我可以很好地看到人行道。next to“緊挨著，緊靠著”，為固定短語。 to
語法填空題中，如果空格后是名詞、代詞、動詞－ing形式或what從句，且它們不是在句中作主語，也不是作動詞的賓語時，這個空格就很可能是填介詞。這是因為： 1．介詞必須要接賓語，其賓語可以是名詞、代詞、動詞－ing形式或what從句。 2．名詞、代詞、動詞－ing形式或what從句在句中通常作主語、動詞的賓語或介詞的賓語。如果不作主語，也不作動詞的賓語，就應該是作介詞的賓語。 1．(2024·新課標卷Ⅱ)Tony saw a toy on a shop window. 答案與解析：on→in 在櫥窗里看到了玩具應用in。 2．(2024·陜西卷短文改錯)My soccer coach retired in last week. 答案與解析：去掉in last week/last year/last month等前不加介詞。 3．(2024·四川卷短文改錯)Please help with me and give me some advice. 答案與解析：去掉with help sb.“幫助某人”為固定用法，無介詞with。 4．(2024·新課標卷Ⅰ短文改錯)Nearly five years ago, with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes. 答案與解析：by→of 結合句子中的with the help可知是在父親的幫助下，因此應該是with the help of sb.這個結構。 5．(2024·新課標卷Ⅱ短文改錯)We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sit by the lake listening music. 答案與解析：listening后加to listen to music“聽音樂”。 6．(2024·遼寧卷短文改錯)We appreciate your apologies and goodwill, but we hope that you can figure a good way of settling the matter. 答案與解析：figure后加out figure out ...“想出……”。 1．固定搭配中介詞的誤用 2．介詞在句中的多余或漏用 ①及物動詞后直接加賓語，不用介詞，而不及物動詞后需加介詞。 ②last, next, this等后接名詞表時間時前不用介詞。
微學堂 漲分數
語法精講 明重點難點
介詞 用法 with ①和……一起；隨著…… ②因為…… ③具有/帶有……；with復合結構 at ①表示片刻的時間點 ②表示“在某處”，指在一個較小的地點 ③表示產生某種情緒的原因，意為“因為……而……”“一聽到/看到/想到……就……” in ①表方位，在某范圍內，特別注意在報紙上、書上有什么內容，要用in ②表時間，后接表時間段的名詞短語，指在某一段時間內或在帶有將來時態的語句中表示某一段時間將發生句子謂語動詞所表示的動作 ③表示材料、語言、方式、聲音 介詞 用法 on ①表示時間，指在特定的某一天(的上午、下午或晚上)或一星期的某一天。注意in the morning與on the morning of 1st, May的區別 ②表示方位，指在某一事物表面上或與某物毗鄰 ③表示與某一方面內容相關，意為“關于” ④與名詞或動名詞連用，意為“一……就……” from 表示“來自”或“從……時間開始” through ①表示從事物內部穿過，與介詞in有關 ②表示通過，憑借 across 從事物的表面通過，與介詞on有關 介詞 用法 over ①表示在表面的正上方，與under相對 ②表示“從某事物上方越過” ③表示“在……上面”，指部分或全部覆蓋 ④與表示時間段的名詞(短語)連用，表示“經過、跨過某一個時間段” beyond ①表示方位，意為“超過，在……較遠的一邊” ②表示超出理解、信任的范圍或能力所及的范圍 for ①表示“對于，至于，適合于” ②表示“為了(目的)；支持” against ①表示“反對，反抗，違背” ②表示“倚，靠，逆著(水流、潮流、風等)”或“與……相對抗” 1．介詞與名詞類 at breakfast在吃早飯；at home在家里；at the cinema在電影院；by accident偶然；access to能夠進入；能夠使用；attitude to/towards對……的態度；effect on對……的影響；lack of缺乏。 2．動詞＋介詞類 worry about為……擔憂；talk about談論；hear about聽說；laugh at嘲笑；smile at對……微笑；shout at對……大喊；knock at敲擊；hear from收到……的來信；show off炫耀；meet with遇到；遭受；accuse sb. of sth.因某事指控某人；remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事。 3．介詞與形容詞 busy with忙于；good for對……有好處；pleased with對……感到滿意；interested in對……感興趣；kind to對……友好。
微考場 新演練
好題巧練 拿高考滿分
Ⅰ.單句訓練 1．Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves
half an hour. 2．The two brothers decided to leave
midnight, for they had many miles to cover. 3．Mr. Smith met his wife
the shop in 1941. 4．The athletes from all over the world arrived
Beijing yesterday. 5．They jumped
the fence and fled away. 6．His father goes to work
car every day. 7．He made a living
selling newspapers when he was young. 8．The skier's red clothes stood out clearly
the snow. 9．The young mother whispered something
her children. 10．It's obvious that the new manager is rich
experience. in
in
at
in
in
over
by
by
against
to
Ⅱ.語法填空 What do you know about Scotland's famous Loch Ness monster(尼斯湖水怪)? One thing you may not know is that “Nessie” could have been named ____________ Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ of the UK. Recently ____________ (discover) papers show that Sir Peter Scott, the first person to study the mythical animal ________ the Scottish Highlands, asked the Queen if she would let the monster be named “Elizabethia Nessie” if it were ever found. After he found out that the Queen was very interested ________ the mythical animal, he came up ________ the idea of naming it Elizabeth Nessie. The Independent reported. with
after
discovered
in
in
The documents ___________________ (discover) in the scientist's archive(檔案) at Cambridge University. It ___________ (show) that the Queen even asked to be sent personal updates about the search ________ “Nessie”. But Martin Charteris, the Queen's private secretary at the time, said in a reply ________Sir Peter's letter that there would have to be enough ____________ (evident) of the monster before it could.
evidence
were discovered
showed
for
to
語法專題
語法提分微點案 考點9 介詞和介詞短語 微視角 大領悟
微學堂 漲分數
微考場 新演練
介詞是英語中最活躍的詞類之一，使用頻率非常高。介詞往往與名詞、代詞或相當于名詞的其他詞類、短語、從句等一起構成介詞短語，以表示它與其他詞在時間、方式、方向、位置等方面的關系。搭配比較活躍的介詞主要有in, out, up, down, on, off, to, from, for, over, with等。在語法填空題中重點考查考生根據語境靈活運用介詞的能力。考生應注意總結介詞與名詞、形容詞、副詞、動詞等搭配構成的短語的意思和用法。
微視角 大領悟
練知考情 會方法技巧 1．(2024·新課標卷Ⅱ)When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day; ________ the same time, they warm up again for the night. 解析：句意：當新的一天到來時，這些墻已經釋放完了它們的熱量，現在足夠冷，能讓房子在炎熱的白天保持涼爽；與此同時，它們在晚上又會變得溫暖。根據句意可知此處考查固定搭配at the same time，意為“與此同時”。 2．(2024·遼寧卷)Don't laugh ________ me. I may look funny. 解析：句意：不要嘲笑我。我可能看上去很滑稽。laugh at“嘲笑”，是固定搭配。 at
at
3．(2024·新課標卷Ⅰ)I got a place next ________ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. 解析：句意：我找了個靠窗的位置，那樣我可以很好地看到人行道。next to“緊挨著，緊靠著”，為固定短語。 to
語法填空題中，如果空格后是名詞、代詞、動詞－ing形式或what從句，且它們不是在句中作主語，也不是作動詞的賓語時，這個空格就很可能是填介詞。這是因為： 1．介詞必須要接賓語，其賓語可以是名詞、代詞、動詞－ing形式或what從句。 2．名詞、代詞、動詞－ing形式或what從句在句中通常作主語、動詞的賓語或介詞的賓語。如果不作主語，也不作動詞的賓語，就應該是作介詞的賓語。 1．(2024·新課標卷Ⅱ)Tony saw a toy on a shop window. 答案與解析：on→in 在櫥窗里看到了玩具應用in。 2．(2024·陜西卷短文改錯)My soccer coach retired in last week. 答案與解析：去掉in last week/last year/last month等前不加介詞。 3．(2024·四川卷短文改錯)Please help with me and give me some advice. 答案與解析：去掉with help sb.“幫助某人”為固定用法，無介詞with。 4．(2024·新課標卷Ⅰ短文改錯)Nearly five years ago, with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes. 答案與解析：by→of 結合句子中的with the help可知是在父親的幫助下，因此應該是with the help of sb.這個結構。 5．(2024·新課標卷Ⅱ短文改錯)We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sit by the lake listening music. 答案與解析：listening后加to listen to music“聽音樂”。 6．(2024·遼寧卷短文改錯)We appreciate your apologies and goodwill, but we hope that you can figure a good way of settling the matter. 答案與解析：figure后加out figure out ...“想出……”。 1．固定搭配中介詞的誤用 2．介詞在句中的多余或漏用 ①及物動詞后直接加賓語，不用介詞，而不及物動詞后需加介詞。 ②last, next, this等后接名詞表時間時前不用介詞。
微學堂 漲分數
語法精講 明重點難點
介詞 用法 with ①和……一起；隨著…… ②因為…… ③具有/帶有……；with復合結構 at ①表示片刻的時間點 ②表示“在某處”，指在一個較小的地點 ③表示產生某種情緒的原因，意為“因為……而……”“一聽到/看到/想到……就……” in ①表方位，在某范圍內，特別注意在報紙上、書上有什么內容，要用in ②表時間，后接表時間段的名詞短語，指在某一段時間內或在帶有將來時態的語句中表示某一段時間將發生句子謂語動詞所表示的動作 ③表示材料、語言、方式、聲音 介詞 用法 on ①表示時間，指在特定的某一天(的上午、下午或晚上)或一星期的某一天。注意in the morning與on the morning of 1st, May的區別 ②表示方位，指在某一事物表面上或與某物毗鄰 ③表示與某一方面內容相關，意為“關于” ④與名詞或動名詞連用，意為“一……就……” from 表示“來自”或“從……時間開始” through ①表示從事物內部穿過，與介詞in有關 ②表示通過，憑借 across 從事物的表面通過，與介詞on有關 介詞 用法 over ①表示在表面的正上方，與under相對 ②表示“從某事物上方越過” ③表示“在……上面”，指部分或全部覆蓋 ④與表示時間段的名詞(短語)連用，表示“經過、跨過某一個時間段” beyond ①表示方位，意為“超過，在……較遠的一邊” ②表示超出理解、信任的范圍或能力所及的范圍 for ①表示“對于，至于，適合于” ②表示“為了(目的)；支持” against ①表示“反對，反抗，違背” ②表示“倚，靠，逆著(水流、潮流、風等)”或“與……相對抗” 1．介詞與名詞類 at breakfast在吃早飯；at home在家里；at the cinema在電影院；by accident偶然；access to能夠進入；能夠使用；attitude to/towards對……的態度；effect on對……的影響；lack of缺乏。 2．動詞＋介詞類 worry about為……擔憂；talk about談論；hear about聽說；laugh at嘲笑；smile at對……微笑；shout at對……大喊；knock at敲擊；hear from收到……的來信；show off炫耀；meet with遇到；遭受；accuse sb. of sth.因某事指控某人；remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事。 3．介詞與形容詞 busy with忙于；good for對……有好處；pleased with對……感到滿意；interested in對……感興趣；kind to對……友好。
微考場 新演練
好題巧練 拿高考滿分
Ⅰ.單句訓練 1．Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves
half an hour. 2．The two brothers decided to leave
midnight, for they had many miles to cover. 3．Mr. Smith met his wife
the shop in 1941. 4．The athletes from all over the world arrived
Beijing yesterday. 5．They jumped
the fence and fled away. 6．His father goes to work
car every day. 7．He made a living
selling newspapers when he was young. 8．The skier's red clothes stood out clearly
the snow. 9．The young mother whispered something
her children. 10．It's obvious that the new manager is rich
experience. in
in
at
in
in
over
by
by
against
to
Ⅱ.語法填空 What do you know about Scotland's famous Loch Ness monster(尼斯湖水怪)? One thing you may not know is that “Nessie” could have been named ____________ Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ of the UK. Recently ____________ (discover) papers show that Sir Peter Scott, the first person to study the mythical animal ________ the Scottish Highlands, asked the Queen if she would let the monster be named “Elizabethia Nessie” if it were ever found. After he found out that the Queen was very interested ________ the mythical animal, he came up ________ the idea of naming it Elizabeth Nessie. The Independent reported. with
after
discovered
in
in
The documents ___________________ (discover) in the scientist's archive(檔案) at Cambridge University. It ___________ (show) that the Queen even asked to be sent personal updates about the search ________ “Nessie”. But Martin Charteris, the Queen's private secretary at the time, said in a reply ________Sir Peter's letter that there would have to be enough ____________ (evident) of the monster before it could.
evidence
were discovered
showed
for
to
