新外研版：42篇短文巧記高考英語3500詞（23-B4U5）：發現之旅
(22-Book4 Unit4）The journey of discovery 發現之旅
In myths and legends, it’s the gods that created a variety of living things, including humans. However, the theory of evolution, explained by Charles Darwin in On the Origin of Species, completely changed this idea. The young man, regarded as a disgrace to his family by his father, was a geologist and naturalist. Answering the call of a captain, he visited distant countries and collected various samples, including seeds of mangroves, comb-like spines of iguanas, beaks of finches,shells of gianttortoises.
在神話和傳說中，正是眾神創造了包括人類在內的各種生物。然而，查爾斯·達爾文在《物種起源》中解釋的進化論徹底改變了這種觀念。這個曾被父親視為家族恥辱的年輕人是一名地質學家和博物學家。響應一位船長的號召，他拜訪遙遠的國度，收集各種樣本，包括紅樹的種子，鬣蜥梳狀的刺，雀科鳴禽的喙，巨型陸龜的殼。
On a primitive island whichis renowned worldwide for biodiversity and which several species of goats are native to, Darwin suspected that theirteeth evolved according to what food was available, generating the convincing idea that they had evolved from a common ancestor with unique physical characteristics, and that their population decline is blamed on humans.
在一座因生物多樣性而全世界聞名的原始島嶼上，有幾種山羊原生于此，達爾文懷疑他們牙齒根據可獲得的食物而進化，并產生了一種令人信服的看法：他們都從帶有獨特身體特征的共同祖先進化而來，并且種群數量的下降應被歸咎于人類。
（選背1： Though Darwin’s journey of discovery had ended, diversity on our planet is such that there are still new species and characteristics on Earth remaining to be discovered. For instance, with us long believing that talking plants have been a thing of myths and legends, new research has revealed something amazing: it appears that plants can communicate after all.
盡管達爾文的發現之旅已經結束，我們星球上的多樣性是如此豐富，以至于在地球上依然有新的物種和特征等待著我們去發現。比如，我們一直認為會說話的植物只存在于神話傳說中，但新研究揭示了令人驚奇的事實：植物間似乎確實可以交流。）
This kind of communication happens when a plant, say a chilli plant, gets attacked by insects. The plant can release chemicals detected by its neighbors, who give off different chemicals to attract wasps to drive away the insects, so that we needn’t pesticides. More surprisingly, around 50 centimetres underground, the roots of all chilli plants are linked by fungi to form a fungal network, which has its own version of cybercrime.
當一株植物，比如說一棵辣椒樹，受到昆蟲攻擊時，這種交流就會發生。這棵辣椒會釋放出能被周圍其他辣椒探測到的化學物質，他們會釋放不同的化學物質來吸引黃蜂趕走昆蟲，因此我們不需要殺蟲劑。更不可思議的是，在地下大約50分米處，所有辣椒樹的根通過真菌連接成了一個真菌的網絡，這種網絡也有（植物世界里的）“網絡犯罪”。
（選背2： Again for instance, by examining preserved bodies and fossils, scientists have identified bacteria helping with digestion, fungi breaking down dead organic matter and viruses harmful to human immune systems. By doing research on hybrid rice, researchers have developed better types of rice adapting to terrible environment, which can survive temperatures from 50℃ to a below freezing -50℃.
再比如，通過檢查保存下來的尸體和化石，科學家們已經發現了促進消化的細菌，能分解死亡有機物的真菌，以及傷害人體免疫系統的病毒。通過研究雜交水稻，研究者們已經研發出了適應惡劣環境的更優品種的水稻，可以在50℃到-50℃的溫度下生存。)
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